Saturday, December 14, 2019
Dbq12 the Industrial Revolution Beginnings Answers Free Essays
DOC #1 This document would help support the geographical/resource paragraph for the essay question ââ¬â essentially, England had coal which powered machines, iron which created the machines and wool which the machines made into thread and then textiles. If the map is to scale, it is easy to infer that the resources were fairly close to canals or ports which meant less expense and faster shipping to the factories. DOC#2 This document supports the geographical/resource paragraph for the essay ââ¬â factories needed a large, mobile population to work in the factories. We will write a custom essay sample on Dbq12: the Industrial Revolution: Beginnings Answers or any similar topic only for you Order Now DOC#3 This document supports an innovation paragraph because the idea of the assembly line was first used in the textile mills to increase production. This document could also be used to support the resource paragraph because if there were not so many people available to work in the factories, then there would not be enough people to man the assembly line. DOC#4 This document aids the resource/geography paragraph as it discusses the coal, iron and wool resourcesââ¬â¢ proximity to ports and rivers. These waterways cut down on shipping time and cost, as land shipping is usually more costly due to the length of time it takes. Because thee resources are close together, they can also be easily experimented with, due to the lower shipping costs. DOC#5 This document would support an innovation/scientific paragraph as it focuses on how English thinkers are able to work on their inventions. DOC:6 This document can be used in an innovation paragraph as it focuses on what inventions produced which results. It could also be used to support a resource paragraph as it infers that with these inventions, less people were needed to work, so more people were available to work in factories. It could also be used to support a factory paragraph as it describes the inventions that created the first textile mills, the first industry in England. Doc7 This document could support an innovation paragraph due to the improvements in agriculture which are able to support a growing number of city dwellers due to increased harvests. It could also support a resource paragraph as it infers that less people are needed on farms to plant and harvest crops; therefore, people are available to work in factories. Doc8 This document would support a resource paragraph as it describes how farms create more food and infers that more people are available for other jobs. It could also support a political paragraph as it states that Parliament id not interfere with the consolidation of land into large farms. Doc9 This document would support a political paragraph as it states that Englandââ¬â¢s freedom in politics and economics, as compared to other countries like France and Germany where businesses are strictly regulated and shipping costs are prohibitive toward industrial development, led to its status as being the first country to industrialize. How to cite Dbq12: the Industrial Revolution: Beginnings Answers, Papers
Friday, December 6, 2019
Cloning Endangered Species Essay Research Paper Cloning free essay sample
Cloning Endangered Species Essay, Research Paper Cloning is the production of duplicate transcripts of familial stuffs, cells, or full multi-cellular life stuffs. For old ages cloning had merely been a phantasy, but with new scientific research cloning can be really successful. Because there are so many advantages in countries like agribusiness, medical specialty, and biological research in bring forthing genetically indistinguishable beings, unreal cloning has become the focal point of attending with scientists today. # 8220 ; At last there is hope of salvaging endangered species. We might be able to witness the cloning of now about nonextant condors, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams, rhinoceroses, and so many other populating marvels. # 8221 ; That was a quotation mark from Jose F. Jaramillo ; a adult male who has written many essays on the hope of cloning endangered species. There are so many animate beings that are about nonextant which could profit greatly by cloning. Cloning endangered species would take a batch of clip and it would be and highly hard procedure. We will write a custom essay sample on Cloning Endangered Species Essay Research Paper Cloning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Just expression at the sheep that got cloned, Dolly. It took 276 attempts to clone Dolly. So at the minute the success rate of cloning endangered animate beings is really low. But it is really possible to make. The history of cloning goes back to 1938 when a German scientist suggested taking the karyon, which contains the cistrons, from an egg cell and replacing it with the karyon from another cell, but back so the tools and engineering to make such a undertaking didn # 8217 ; t exist. Then, in 1952, scientists took the karyon out of the cell of a frog embryo and set it into a denucleated toad cell, but the egg didn # 8217 ; t develop. In 1970, another scientist tried to make the same thing. But this clip the eggs hatched and went into tadpole manner. But the polliwogs ever died. Finally in 1984, scientists reported the successful cloning of a sheep. Cells from an early post-fertilization phase of development were taken out and set into a denucleated egg of a 2nd sheep. The 2nd sheep gave birth to a healthy lamb with cells holding the cistrons from the original. In 1994 calf ringers were produced. In 1996 scientists in Scotland cloned a sheep named Dolly. Cloning has neer been tried on endangered species before. But since cloning has been done on other mammals it is really possible that it can be done on endangered species. It seems that congressional attempts to do cloning illegal are speed uping. Besides, Congress may travel beyond clon ing, they may seek to halt research on of import new sterility therapies. Many people are stating that cloning endangered species merely isn # 8217 ; t ethical, while others are stating that it must be done before they go nonextant. Presently nil but debating the attempts of cloning is traveling on. Presently scientists are seeking to happen possible ways to clone human existences, but dissenters are acquiring in the manner conveying up the moralss of it all, one anon. citizen stated, # 8220 ; It merely is non ethical. Why should we be cloning human existences while at the same clip excessively many are being produced every twenty-four hours of course # 8221 ; A measure was written by Sampson G. Smith to promote the cloning of cloning of endangered species. It fundamentally says that cloning can merely be operated by qualified scientists and approved companies and we will be able to clone endangered species before they go nonextant. Some endangered species that are being killed are elephants for it # 8217 ; s tusk, the sharks for their and giants for their oils, the leopard for it # 8217 ; s pelt, and the rhinoceroses for their horns. Many species all over the universe are going endangered and really near to going nonextant. Cloning is needed to salvage these animate beings from extinction. Extinct animate beings would be really difficult to clone. A female can # 8217 ; t usually give birth to an animate being of a different species, but it is non yet clear whether a female of a closely related species could give birth to a ringer of a different species. Genes can mutate, or all of a sudden alteration, as a consequence of exposure to normal background radiation or certain chemicals or other influences. And some mutants may be deadly. Who know what could go on when you have a ringer with mutants. A large issue of concern when cloning is what this ringer may convey in the universe. They could be conveying new diseases into this universe that have non been here earlier and spread it to other animals and worlds. I think that if we could clone endangered species it would be fantastic. We could take a walk outside and see beautiful animals in individual that before we could merely see in images. I think that cloning should be started right off before some of these animate beings go nonextant and we will neer hold the opportunity to see one of all time once more. The procedure of this should be good thought out and the species with the lowest population should be cloned foremost. Comton # 8217 ; s Encyclopedia
Friday, November 29, 2019
How successfully was the land issue in Ireland resolved by 1903 Essay Example Essay Example
How successfully was the land issue in Ireland resolved by 1903? Essay Example Paper How successfully was the land issue in Ireland resolved by 1903 Essay Introduction How successfully was the land issue in Ireland resolved by 1903? BY btJktngn How successfully was the land issue in Ireland resolved by 1903? There were many issues with land in Ireland from the late 1840ââ¬â¢s to 1903. Land issues in Ireland united people in both the USA and Ireland. The Fenian Brotherhood was a movement started in 1848 whose purpose was to obtain Irish independence from England. Around 1. 5% of the landowners in Ireland owned a third of the land in the country, and up to 25% of the landlords were not resident in Ireland. The potato blight of the 1840ââ¬â¢s was to acutely exacerbate the problem of landownership, with the otato crops failure economic pressure was brought upon Irish landlords with decreasing rentals and the burden of the poor law. As a result of this many landlords resorted to coercive methods to collect the rent, up to and including the eviction of the tenant. Landlords could legally evict whenever they decided as most farmers did not have a le ase of their farms. They were tenants at willââ¬â¢, and they could be legally evicted whenever the landlord chose to do to this. Another issue was the fact that landlords spent very little money on improving their properties, and outside of Ulster here was no compensation for any improvements made to a holding by the tenant. This was a barrier to agricultural development and a great injustice. There was no incentive to improve property because of this, and of the few tenants who may have had money to invest in the holding had no right of redress in the event of eviction. How successfully was the land issue in Ireland resolved by 1903? Essay Body Paragraphs Contrary to this system, James Fintan Lalor in a letter to The Irish Felon argued that ââ¬Å"l hold and maintain that the entire soil of a country belongs of right to the people of that country, and it is the rightful property not of any one class, but of the nation at large. Lalor and others encouraged the formation of tenant organisations devoted to securing tenantsââ¬â¢ rights because of this the Irish Tenant League was founded by Charles Gavan Duffy. The aim of the Irish Tenant League was to improve the position of tenant farmers in Ireland, whatever their denominational background. Even though the league by 1852 had become the Independent Irish Party, in its two years it brought to the fore the campaign for the three Fsââ¬â¢: free sale, fair rent and fixity of tenure. Free sale, known as the ââ¬ËUlster Customââ¬â¢, involved selling the interest on a property to the next tenant. It also guaranteed that the tenant was compensated for any improvements made to the landl ordââ¬â¢s property. Fair rent gave tenants the opportunity of low rent payments on properties and a rent that was fixed by a tribunal rather than by the landlords themselves. Fixity of tenure was guaranteed tenure of land over a period of time. Some years later in 1869 due to an economic downturn there was a revival of The Irish Tenant League; this was led by Sir John Gray. The agenda of the league was to address the three Fsââ¬â¢ and the propulsion of the movement was provided by a land conference held in February 1870 where roposals were agreed upon for the best way to move forward regarding the land issue. William Gladstone, the British prime minister, also hoped to improve the influenced by the National Association set up in 1864 by Cardinal Cullen. Addressing an election meeting in Lancashire in 1868, Gladstone declared that ââ¬Å"The Church of Ireland. is but one of a group of questions. There is the Church of Ireland, there is the land of Ireland, there is the educatio n of Ireland; there are many subjects, all of which depend on one greater than all of them; they are all so many branches from ne trunk, and that trunk is the tree of what is called the Protestant Ascendancy. We therefore, aim at the destruction of that system of ascendancy. â⬠From this speech we can see Gladstoneââ¬â¢s clear flair and determination to seek a resolution to the issue of land in Ireland. Upon hearing that he was to become Prime Minister in 1868 Gladstone declared that his ââ¬Ëmission is to pacify Irelandââ¬â¢. Facing a number of obstacles it was not politically possible for Gladstone and his cabinet to introduce radical reform to the landholding system in Ireland; as such a move would have been ery unpopular with MPs and peers in the House of Lords. As a result of this, Gladstone decided that the best course of action would be to legalise custom. In his first ministry he attempted numerous times to tackle Irish issues through reform, the centrepiece bei ng the Irish Land Act of 1870. The Land Act of 1870 attempted to address some aspects of the three Fsââ¬â¢. Gladstone had three main aims that he intended to achieve with this new land Act. Firstly: firstly, if a tenant was evicted for any reason other than non-payment of rent then the individual had the right to claim ompensation. Secondly, government loans, commonly known as ââ¬ËBright Clausesââ¬â¢, would be made available to tenants wishing to purchase property from their landlords and for the first time ever tenants were allowed to borrow up to two thirds of the cost of buying their property from the government; finally, rent was to be controlled and kept at a fair rate. However, there were issues with Gladstoneââ¬â¢s first Act. The Act failed to create a tribunal system to control rent and to prevent unfair rent increases. Tenants with leases longer than thirty-one years were not protected y the Act. Fewer than one thousand farmers took advantage of the bright claus e as most were unable to borrow such amounts of money; therefore tenants lacked protection against eviction. Aside from these setbacks of the first Land Act, it was symbolically very important and it set a precedent for government intervention in the land question. It would take some nine years before any further progress was made on the land question and it was an Irish man by the name of Michael Davitt that would make this progress. Michael Davitt was born in Straide, County Mayo, when he as four and a half years old he was evicted with his family due to arrears in rent. They then went to a local workhouse but when his mother discovered that male children over three years of age were separated from their mothers, she moved the family to England to find a better life. They travelled to Haslingden, in East Lancashire and there they settled. Davitt was brought up in a poor Irish immigrant community with strong nationalist feelings and for Michael a deep hatred of landlordism to coinc ide. In his later life he was sent to Dartmoor prison in 1870 for gun running hile a Page 3. member of the IRB (Irish Republican Brotherhood. ) While imprisoned, he came up redistribution of land and non-violent means was the best way to do this. Poor agricultural conditions of tenant famers led Davitt to become an advocate of the land issue which eventually led to him setting up the Land League of Mayo in 1879, which then spread through Ireland, and was soon constituted as the National Land League in 1879 with Charles Stewart Parnell as its President. ââ¬Å"The campaign that followed turned the Home Rule and Nationalist Party into an umbrella movement. ââ¬â (From Britain and Ireland 1867-1922 pg 28. ) Through Davitt and the Leagues campaigning and hard work immediate improvements happened, with Canon Burke reducing his rental rates by twenty five percent. The Land League was the excellent opportunity for Parnell and the other leaders to gather together all disparate elements o f the broader nationalist movement. The aim of the Land League and the purpose of the land war were to defend the tenant from the uncontrolled excesses of the land lord. A speech made by Parnell in 1880 encouraged individuals to refuse to pay unfair ents and to also refuse to rent farms where others had been evicted from. He essentially aimed to criminalise taking other farmers land, that is, a boycott of anyone who sought to undermine the Land Leagueââ¬â¢s campaign. The Times reported on 20th September 1880 that Parnell stated that ââ¬Å"When a man takes a farm from which another has been evicted, you must shun him on the road side. you must shun him in the streets of the town. and even in the place of worship, by leaving him alone. you must show him your detestation of the crime he has committed. â⬠In 1881 Gladstone introduced his second Land Act, 11 years after his first. The difference was that finally the three Fsââ¬â¢ were granted to everyone and Land Courts were set up. The new Land Act was essentially a short term solution to the political unrest in Ireland. He aimed to reduce the unrest in Ireland by attempting to lower rent and pacify the population. The Land Act of 1881 included a land purchase act and fifteen year leases were set (rent was frozen for fifteen years), an idea that was unheard of in Ireland at the time as tenants were at the landlords disposal and experienced xtortionately expensive rates. There were flaws however, as tenants in arrears did not have the opportunity to go to court, and as at least one third of tenants were in arrears, the majority of the population were still at a disadvantage. An Arrears Act was also introduced and provided E800,OOO for 130,000 tenants to cover their outstanding payments. This was brought in to reduce the agitation and violence throughout the country, and it served its purpose. The following reforms aimed to continue to improve living conditions for tenants and provide them with some esse ntial legal rights. In 1885 a series of Conservative Reforms to take the heat out of the land struggle, included the Ashbourne Land Purchase Act 1885 which lent five million to buy farms. Farmers got full Page 4. purchase price. This saw a huge improvement in tenant conditions. Tenants could finally afford to buy their land. Following this, Balfourââ¬â¢s Land Act of 1887 amended Gladstoneââ¬â¢s 15 year lease to a 3 year lease. Rent rates were also reduced by 15%. 100,000 leaseholders could go to court for the first time. 1891 seen Balfourââ¬â¢s Land Act, which was the biggest land purchase scheme with E33 million to enable land enants could afford to take advantage of the new scheme. Due to this he introduced the Congested Districts Boards to help poorer areas and provide all tenants with the means to purchase their land. Finally in 1903 the Wyndham Act was introduced and was to be the biggest scheme yet. EIOO million was spent on land purchase and landlords were encouraged into selling their whole estates rather than sections and tenants were given 68 years to pay back. This funding and extended payment plans provided tenants with fairer and more equal opportunities to expand and develop in a more economically viable way. Essentially this ended the phase of the land agitation that had begun over twenty years earlier however issues over land were to flare up again during the tan war and right up until the 1930ââ¬â¢s when all Irish farmers owned their own land. Resolution by 1903 was more or less achieved; there were definitely significant changes made and more equal opportunities for farmers but it was not completely resolved until the 1930ââ¬â¢s. Some people would even argue that in some ways land issues are still not completely resolved to this day in 2013, but thatââ¬â¢s a topic of discussion for perhaps a different essay. We will write a custom essay sample on How successfully was the land issue in Ireland resolved by 1903? Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How successfully was the land issue in Ireland resolved by 1903? Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How successfully was the land issue in Ireland resolved by 1903? Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer
Monday, November 25, 2019
Legalize Hemp essays
Legalize Hemp essays The marijuana plant and the hemp plant are both from the cannabis family but they serve completely different purposes. The marijuana plant is grown for the buds they produce which carry the psychoactive ingredient, delta-9-tetrahydrocannibinol, aka, THC, which is what causes people to catch a buzz. The hemp plant is grown for the fibers they produce and it contains no more than 1% THC, meaning that to catch a buzz from the hemp plant, you would have to smoke 10-12 hemp joints in less than 10 minutes...highly unlikely and probably impossible. The two plants have little in common, other than the fact that they are from the same family, they look and smell alike and they are both illegal to grow. Unlike marijuana, you are allowed to possess hemp, so dont worry...you arent in the presence of an illegal substance!!! (Point to visuals) Most hemp, which you can purchase at art supply stores, has been imported from Canada, England, Australia or one of the 30 other countries where growing h emp is an extremely profitable industry. Hawaii is the only US state that has permission to grow and harvest the plant. The government granted them a quarter acre lot to test the crop for beneficial purposes. This information is courtesy of the NORML web page. NORML stands for the National Organization for the Reform of the Marijuana Laws but this organization has just as much information on the hemp crop as it does marijuana. I would quickly like to list a few facts I pulled off of the Hemp Legalization web page; ~Hemp fibers are longer, stronger and more absorbent then cotton. ~The Declaration of Independence was written on hemp. ~Some of our first Presidents required farmers to harvest the crop. (Show bumper sticker) ~Hemp is superior to wood pulps and makes an ideal additive to recycled paper to improve its strength. Now I would like to move on to more in depth facts on certain areas that I believe hemp is nee ...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Critically compare and contrast theories of management (classical, Essay
Critically compare and contrast theories of management (classical, human relations, systems, contingency, Marxist labour process - Essay Example In 1911, Taylor suggested management a process in which that he suggested that if planned scientifically, would direct to success. His guidelines of scientific management started a revolution in the ways we assumed the procedures and the status of a manager. Numerous early writers in management challenged that there was an appropriate way of organizing work and completing tasks. Others established on the engineering approaches to approve the effects of bureaucracies. Mintzberg elaborated the responsibility and role of a manager in leading the organizations to attaining goals in a logical manner. The informational, interpersonal, and decisional roles he distinguished are equally practicable to the managers operating in private, public or nonprofit organizational set up (Buchanan and Huczynski 2010). Classical Management Theory Classical management theory engages making multiple standards of workers to enhance profitability. Employees working at the lower levels find their jobs supervi sed by managers, who in turn, are supervised by upper level management. At each level, employees are required to perform jobs according to particular procedures created to boost productivity. Moreover, this theory concentrates on a distant side of the business. Employees and managers are advised to resist friendly and personal communications within the organization. Rules and regulations must be followed with precision, and the recruitment of employees must associate only to the potentials they attain. However, classical management theory is not employed in many organizations because some of its loopholes. As few elements of the theory, like crafting procedures for accomplishing tasks and keeping personal matters out of business, assist an organization concentrate on the current job, the theory fails to identify the disparity among employees. When employee emotions and opinions are not considered, the business may not flourish or may confront high ratios of employee turnover. Since, the employee feels deprived of establishing a relationship and they leave the organization in search of a more fulfilling job. The classical management theory highlights on the ways management can be or designed to acquire productivity. Henri Fayol, an eminent name in management science, crafted several management theories directed towards success, like designing a unified way among managers, discipline, and centralization. Numerous other management theories focused on establishing team confidence (Buchanan and Huczynski 2010). On the other hand, the major weakness of the classical management theory emerged from its difficulty, and stubborn structure. One of the core principles of the classical management theory is to raise productivity and performance; however, acquiring these objectives often came at the cost of human bonds and creativity. For instance, managers would utilize assemble line procedures and project management theories that concentrated on successful division of jobs . However, employers overlooked the relational factor in employees, in the procedure of attempting to forecast and manage human behavior. In reality, the human relations movement raised in reaction to the classical management theory, as a method to understand the responsibility of human motivation in efficiency. Also, too much depending on previous experience is another flaw of the theory. The theorists of this era only examined their
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
The Influence of Activity Based Costing in Finance Sector Essay
The Influence of Activity Based Costing in Finance Sector - Essay Example Understanding ABC can show the way to better knowledge of an organization business course of actions and basic expenses. ABC is a financial plan and scrutiny process that estimates operating cost by involving overheads to orders, clientele, services and end-items. It permits managers to discriminate between cost-effective and non-beneficial services. ABC facilitates to fill up the spaces of conventional costing by recognizing all the work actions and their costs that enrol in constructing a product, carrying a service, or executing a process. When the solitary expenses are calculated, a representation of the overall cost of a process becomes apparent. The cost of giving out the different division of consumers can yet distinguish by ABC model (Shank, 1996).Daly (2001) elucidate that the central theory behind the Activity-based costing system is that resource operating cost have to be allocated to the activities executed. Expenses acknowledged in the economy are assembled and circulated to these events. This assists the firm to comprehend how much they are paying out on the activities that sustain the making of certain item for consumption or services.Mapping out firm expenditures can start by consulting department executives to find out what primary activities are carried out in each unit and what aspects decide how long a doing a cquires. Just the once this record is achieved, one can begin to trace the supply costs to activities. Taking the case of objects managing department in which the public in the department acted upon three fundamental assignments can represent this. These responsibilities comprised of: accepting purchased stuffs, accepting unprocessed materials and distributing materials. It was supposed that every member of staff in the division was uniformly trained and equally remunerated, so the firm made a decision to apply time percentages for handing over material costs to the three responsibilities. The time of the supervisor was spread transversely for all activities executed by the division in percentage to the time laboured by other workers under management. Therefore, exclusive of indulging each sort of work as different, costs were allocated in relation to the effort done. Several departments have persons who appear to work daily, no issue at what altitude of capability their division is functioning. This kind of obligation often is categorized as fixed, because the amount of people who work does not fluctuate with requirements. This view is not acceptable for all the time though, because the majority of departments have various fixed and variable costs. Within a department, workers may be handed over to complete a number of tasks based on the level of order. This kind of task can be marked out to what action is being carried out, and can therefore, be preceded to the concluding cost of the end substance. A quantity of resources might perhaps also be fixed for a division. This might comprise the space in the capacity that the department utilizes and the equipments that the division requires to work. With the technology at present, costing statistics should be readily obtainable to evaluate the variable costs of a division, plus the assigned costs, in c oncluding the achievability of a project (Locander, 1998). Literature Review Designing the Optimal System Different Perspectives Few years back a research association of banks constructed a report that evidently described how management accounting figures in banking
Monday, November 18, 2019
New Approach in Cancer Treatment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words
New Approach in Cancer Treatment - Essay Example The different therapies available in the market today target to control the division rate of the tumor cells. However, emerging knowledge reveals that all cancer therapies may be missing the point and this explains why cancers relapse so often even after treatment. The new knowledge suggests that therapy should aim at altering the proliferation rate of cancer stem cells that sustain a tumor. One wonders whether this knowledge is a breakthrough towards discovering a potential cure for cancer. This paper will tackle the potential of this new knowledge to change the picture of cancer treatment, its challenges, and promises. Description of Cancer Stem Cells Cancer originates from a transformation of cells from normal growth pattern to abnormal growth properties. Cancer stem cells are primitive cells that are responsible for the growth and advancement of a tumor. These cells have the capacity to regenerate and the regeneration process yields differentiated cells. The cancer stem cells yie ld malignant cells on renewal. They possess other critical characteristics of normal stem cells. They display multi-potency and experimental evidence reveals that they can give rise to tumors when introduced into normal tissues in organisms with compromised immune systems. Experimental evidence has proved that cancer stem cells are responsible for the new population of cancer cells when a tumor recurs. These experiments reveal that the few multi-potent cancer stem cells have the potential to restore new populations of all various cell populations in the first tumor. Cancer stem cells are the only ones capable of metastasis to other tissues and give rise to new tumors. Cancer stem cells portray resistance to anti-cancer drugs available in the market today (Majumder, 2009:13). Although these drugs succeed in reducing the tumor mass cells by altering different aspects of their proliferation, the cancer stem cells remain unaltered and survive. After some time, these stem cells initiate a new process of tumor formation (Clevers, 2011:5). Since cancer stem cells show very slow proliferation whereas most of the drugs only target the highly proliferative cells, then such drugs leave cancer stem cells intact. Cancer stem cells acquire the potential to activate and repress certain genes just as normal stem cells do. However, stem cells do not respond to certain stop signals that other stem cells respond to and end up gaining an infinite life span. Evidence of the Presence of Cancer Stem Cells The first evidence that cancer stem cells were present in cancers was through analysis of hematological cancers. Researchers observed a small proportion of cells that possessed the self-renewing properties among a sphere of cancer cells. This property is similar to those of normal hematological stem cells. Hematological cancer cells observed a similar hierarchy of differentiation into cells of varying life spans just like the physiological hematological cells. In this hierarchy, ma jority of the cells had short and long life spans. Research revealed that some of the long-term cells possessed characteristics similar to normal hematologic stem cells. This initial evidence probed advanced study on the same concept in other cancer types. So far, research indicates that cancer stem cells are present in the following types of cancers brain, colon, pancreatic, melanoma, prostate and breast cancer (Hayat, 2010:178). In sarcomas, although
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